我国减灾农业发展的形势和对策

我国农业减灾面临严峻形势，每年发生的农业灾害都造成重大损失，通过发展减灾农业才能确保我国社会经济持续稳定地增长。我国农业减灾系统建设己初见成效，今后的主要任务是进一步完善农业减灾系统的结构和功能，提高农业减灾的技术水平，加强灾害教育工作，增加减灾资金投入。     

沙尘暴应急监测方法研究

在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中,通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制,制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。     

浙江淳安新安江开发公司封山育林效益研究

浙江省淳安县新安江开发公司所属16个国营林场22475.53hm~3荒山迹地,封山育林30年,现有天然次生林总蓄积量135万m~3,年总生长率8.07％,活立木直接经济价值2.25亿元。到1987年止公司已获中间利用净收入2135万元。近20年累计天然次生林比无林地多涵蓄水10亿m~3,每年进入水库的泥沙量减少80％,对调节水库水源、延长发电年限、纯洁水质都起到良好作用。公司长期实施的5项管护技术,把封山育林提高到科学经营水平,在千岛湖区成功地建立了森林生态屏障。     

电算化会计信息系统下内部控制研究

本文对会计电算化发展中存在的一些问题提出了对策与建议，并针对财会工作的自身特点，从程序控制和制度控制两个方面阐述了电算化会计信息下的内部控制方法。     

内蒙古赤峰市实行草地有偿承包的效果和经验

通过赤峰市多年来对草地有偿承包责任制的探索，阐述了草地有偿承包责任制的意义和重要性，总结了实行草地有偿承包责任制的基本做法和体会，提出了今后的设想。     

模拟发电机组专用可控硅直流调速系统

本文从分析同步发电机原动系统基本数学模型入手，提出了一种实现同步发电机原动系统仿真的专用可控硅直流调速系统及其实用装置。该控制系统采用有差调节的模拟调速器，水汽管道特性模拟、自平衡特性模拟和集成块模拟触发器，以及过流与超速保护，并可实现有差－无差调节的转换。     

夏秋蚕新品种浒花、秋星的育成及其一代杂交种的选配

根据长江流域夏秋季的气候特点,采用杂交、回交、系统分离、活蛹缫丝和多代高温多湿环境定向培育等育种方法,分别育成了中系蚕品种“浒花”和日系蚕品种“秋星”。两者都具有抗性强、丝量高、茧丝质优以及繁育容易等特点。其一代杂交种经多次实验室鉴定、农村生产鉴定、试养以及全国蚕品种审定结果表明:该新品种体质强健、孵化、眠起、老熟齐一,茧丝量高,茧层率22％;鲜毛茧出丝率15—16％,茧丝品质优良、解舒率74％,净度93分,茧丝纤度2.53/D,茧丝长超1000m。     

A method to test wheat leaves for their reactions to inoculation with Septoria species

The construction and application is described of a polystyrol humidity box in which wheat leaves, while continuing to function as parts of living plants, can be tested for their reactions toSeptoria spp. in an atmosphere nearly saturated with water, as is required for successful infection. The method is simple, accurate ans inexpensive.Samenvatting Voor dit doel is een z.g. vochtdoos geconstrueerd (Fig. 1A). Het te toetsen blad wordt daar doorheen geleid en in de doos geïnoculeerd met een druppel conidiën-suspensie van de schimmel. Onder het blad staat wat water in de doos (Fig. 1B). Na afsluiting ontstaat in de doos de hoge luchtvochtigheid van bijna 100% die nodig is voor de infectie. Dit wordt op deze wijze eenvoudig en goedkoop gerealiseerd. De bladeren die zo worden getoetst blijven onbeschadigd functioneren aan de plant. Na enkele dagen kan de doos worden geopend en kan de symptoom-ontwikkeling worden afgewacht en gevolgd (Fig. 3A, 3B en 4). De methode leent zich voor nauwkeurig werk en vereist zeer weinig infectiemateriaal. De Technische en Fysische Dienst voor de Landbouw (TFDL), Wageningen, ontwierp en construeerde een statief voor het gebruik van de vochtdozen in serie (Fig. 2).     

水稻苗田化学除草剂—封闭1号大面积苗田药效示范试验结果

通过多点水稻苗田大面积示范试验结果表明,通化市农科所研制的水稻苗田除草剂“封闭1号”具有除草效果好(90～100％)、安全、使用方便、成本低等特点。1988～1991年,累计推广面积(苗田)达15.6万亩,创造经济效益150万元。     

The effect of phosphine on the absorption and circular dichroic spectra of cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase

The interaction of phosphine with purified cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase was studied by absorption and circular dichroic spectrometry. Treatment of cytochrome oxidase with phosphine yielded absorption spectra in both the visible and Soret region that were similar to that produced by dithionite. Striking changes in the circular dichroic spectra were also recorded, sugesting that a valence change of the heme iron was accompanied by a conformation change of the prosthetic group.Phosphine treatment of cytochrome c also yielded spectra similar to those produced by reduction with dithionite suggesting a valence change of the heme iron. However, both the time necessary for complete reduction and the concentration of phosphine necessary for this effect suggest that, in comparison with cytochrome oxidase, cytochrome c was relatively insensitive. Reduction of cytochrome oxidase by phosphine had only a very minor effect on the intrinsic dichroic spectrum suggesting little effect on the polypeptide chains.The persistence of a component after reduction by phosphine and the subsequent reduction of this component by dithionite suggests that phosphine primarily reduced only one comonent of the cytochrome aa₃ complex. The failure of EDTA and fluoride, which are known ligands of cytochrome a₃ to affect the reduction of cytochrome aa₃ by phosphine, as well as the occurrence of a 436-nm isosbestic point of the ferric-ferrous absorption spectra suggests that phosphine reduced primarily cytochrome a. However, it is argued that a slow reduction of cytochrome a₃ cannot be ruled out.